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RAYFRACT® Seismic Refraction & Borehole Tomography - Subsurface Seismic Velocity Models for Geotechnical Engineering
and Exploration
Our Rayfract® refraction tomography software allows reliable imaging of subsurface velocity structure including
faults, strong lateral
velocity variation and other velocity anomalies.
Our Smooth inversion tomographic method is based on physically
meaningful modeling of seismic first break energy
refraction, transmission and diffraction.
Both P-wave and S-wave propagation is modeled with wave paths (also known as
Fresnel volumes) instead of conventional rays. This
increases the numerical robustness of the method. A smooth minimum-structure 1D initial model is
determined automatically directly from the seismic traveltime data, by horizontally averaging
Delta-t-V (improved Wiechert-Herglotz) method
1D velocity-depth profiles along the seismic line. This procedure delivers reliable smoothed models even in case of
velocity inversions. The initial model is then refined with true 2D
WET Wavepath Eikonal Traveltime tomography. No need to map
traveltimes to refractors. Supports many input data formats and extreme topography. Also allows interpretation of traveltimes
with conventional
Plus-Minus and
Wavefront refraction methods.
Supports Smooth inversion of borehole surveys with constant-velocity initial model, for
crosshole,
zero-offset VSP,
walkaway VSP and
uphole refraction surveys.
Review our SAGEEP 2010 manual
(PowerPoint version,
function key help). Allows
frequency filtering of traces, with single-pole or Chebyshev-Butterworth filter.
Uses multiple CPU cores, for fast back-projection of residuals along wave paths (Fresnel volumes), with SIRT algorithm.
Now supports import of SEGY seismic data files, and .HDR batch import of shots.
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Theory
DeltatV
View these tutorials, application samples and theoretical publications :
An Evaluation of Methods and Available Software for Seismic Refraction Tomography Analysis
(Jacob R. Sheehan et al., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, JEEG March 2005. Compares Rayfract with GeoTomo LLC GeoCT-II and OYO SeisImager)
Ground Proving Three Seismic Refraction Tomography Programs (Dennis R. Hiltunen et al. 2007, University of Florida. Compares OYO SeisImager and Optim LLC SeisOpt Pro with Rayfract)
Master Thesis Stefan Jansen, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen 2010. Evaluates Rayfract with synthetic data.
Comparison of WET tomography with ERT and Nakamura H/V method (Benjumea et al. 2011)
Smooth inversion compared to XTV inversion and Wavefront refraction, for long profile (Joanneum)
Interpretation of long refraction profile with Smooth inversion, DeltatV inversion, Wavefront refraction and Plus-Minus refraction (GeoExpert ag)
Smooth inversion of 6 shots into 12 channels (Guyana Goldfields)
Geothermal fault imaging with ERT, SRT and SP (
Lamb et al., Boise State University, AGU 2011)
Interpretation of synthetic and field data with surface wave analysis and Rayfract traveltime tomography,
Boiero and Socco, EAGE Geophysical Prospecting Nov 2010.
Integrating Hydrogeological and Geophysical Methods for the Characterization of
a Deltaic Aquifer System, Falgas et al. 2011.
Thrust fault modeling
and imaging with Surfer 8 and Rayfract 3.19
Import SEG-2 shots into borehole profile database, update header data, Smooth invert (GHD data)
Robert J. Whiteley comments on Mt. Bulga refraction interpretation published by Dr. Palmer
Combine two adjacent cross-hole surveys (3 boreholes) into one tomogram (LNEC data)
Interpretation of First-Arrival Travel Times with Wavepath Eikonal Traveltime inversion and Wavefront refraction method (Rohdewald, SAGEEP 2011)
Tutorial how to build and use your own layer-based initial model
Tutorial showing how to resort borehole traces by common receiver
An analytical raypath approach to the refraction wavefront method (Ali Ak, Geophysical Prospecting November 1990. Compares Wavefront method with Plus-Minus and GRM)
Detecting perched water bodies using surface-seismic time-lapse traveltime tomography (Gaines et al, SEG 2010. Includes velocity error analysis)
Subsurface tunnel detection using electrical resistivity tomography and refraction tomography: a case study (Riddle, Hickey et al., SAGEEP 2010)
Time-lapse seismic measurements on a small earthen embankment during an internal erosion experiment (Hickey et al., SAGEEP 2009)
Seismic measurement for detecting underground high-contrast voids
(Hickey et al., SAGEEP 2009)
Interpretation of Jacob Sheehan's Epikarst model
Refraction methodology for groundwater level determination: "Water seismic index" (Gerardo Grelle and Francesco Maria Guadagno, University of Sannio)
Enhanced coastal geotechnics with integrated marine seismic reflection and multi-source, extended array refraction (Robert Whiteley, Matthieu Bardout and Simon Stewart 2010; includes
synthetic model with velocity inversion)
Smooth 2D inversion compared to
conventional Wavefront interpretation of Palmer Mt. Bulga data set
Building syncline model and forward modeling data described by Derecke Palmer in EAGE Geophysical Prospecting March 2010
Improving interpretation of syncline model
Plume and Lithologic Profiling with Surface Resistivity and Seismic Tomography
(David B. Watson et al. 2005, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Tennessee)
Comparison of pseudo-2D
Delta-t-V initial model with 1D-gradient initial model, for basement depression (syncline model) described by Derecke Palmer
Is the Optimum XY spacing of the Generalized Reciprocal Method (GRM) constant or variable? Paper presented by Hamdy H. Seisa at 67th Annual Meeting of the German Geophysical Society (DGG), Aachen, March 26-29 2007
Determining depth of blast induced damage in a mine wall (J.A. Singer et
al. 2009)
Geophysical characterisation of karstic networks (Roger Guérin et al. 2009, Comptes Rendus Geosciences Volume 341, Issues 10-11)
The Gschliefgraben Landslide (Robert Marschallinger et al. 2009, Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 102/2; compares P-wave tomography with GRM)
Refraction Tomography for volume analysis of saturated alluvium (Michael H. Powers and Bethany L. Burton, USGS 2006. Compares GeoTomo LLC GeoCT-II with Rayfract)
Tutorial showing interpretation of 5 shots recorded with 12 channels
Beach subsurface imaging with reflection seismic, WET refraction and MASW (Mark G. Olson, Advanced Geoscience, Inc. 2008)
Geophysical investigation of the Sandalp rock avalanche deposits (Laura V. Socco et al. Journal of Applied Geophysics
Jan 2010. Compares resistivity tomography with seismic P-wave tomography, and active and passive surface wave analysis)
Seismic characterization of an Alpine site (L.V. Socco et al. EAGE Near Surface Geophysics Aug 2008. Correlates WET tomography with reflection, surface wave and pseudo-2D shear wave interpretation plus downhole measurement)
Underwater refraction (Robert J. Whiteley and Simon B. Stewart 2008. WET tomography confirmed with onshore boreholes)
WET tomography compared to conventional refraction and magnetic lineaments (Håkan Mattsson, GeoVista AB, SKB report R-07-56 Sep 2007, pages 131-144)
Sub-bottom river imaging with Smooth inversion and constant-velocity initial model (Geotomographie GmbH data)
Active landslide imaging with two crossing lines, different receiver spacing (JOANNEUM RESEARCH data)
Smooth inversion of cross-hole survey, with constant-velocity initial model (International Geophysical Technology S.L. data)
Smooth inversion of Geometrics SeisImager sample file (Geofisica Misure s.n.c. data)
Smooth inversion of Optim LLC SeisOpt® data set (FUGRO WEST data)
2D sections of porosity and water saturation percent from combined resistivity and seismic surveys for hydrogeologic studies (R. Mota and F. Monteiro dos Santos, SEG The Leading Edge June 2006. Simulated Annealing of Res2DInv and Rayfract output)
Sinkhole imaging with Smooth 2D
inversion compared with conventional Wavefront interpretation
Velocity imaging through complex near-surface structures by tomography (Xianhuai Zhu, EAGE 64th Conference & Exhibition, Florence 2002. Shows diffraction and scattering of first break energy penetrating thin high-velocity Basalt layer)
Land Streamer Aided Geophysical Studies at Saqqara, Egypt (Carlyle R. Miller et al. JEEG December 2005; HTML)
Client WET interpretations imaging faults, dikes, boulders and stratigraphy (Terra Geosciences 2007)
Refraction seismic theory and application (Jacques Jenny, Microsoft PowerPoint)
Subsurface velocity imaging below street (Zivko Terzic, 2007)
Comparison of shallow refraction interpretation methods for regolith mapping
(Robert J. Whiteley and Peter J. Eccleston, ASEG Exploration Geophysics Dec 2006 final draft)
Refraction data interpretation with Rayfract® software (Microsoft PowerPoint slide show)
Comparison of pseudo-2D
Delta-t-V initial model with 1D-gradient initial model, for basement depression model as described by Jacob Sheehan
Comparison of 2D WET tomographic imaging with conventional refraction interpretation (Håkan Mattsson, GeoVista AB)
seg2_edit; A Program for Editing
and Manipulating SEG-2 Files, by K. J. Ellefsen (USGS Open-File Report)
Tau-p refraction tomographic imaging in the Canadian foothills (Sylvestre Charles et al. CSEG 2006)
Tau-p refraction tomography and statics, compared to well stratigraphy and applied to
reflection survey (WesternGeco)
Rayfract in Marine Surveys (Zivko Terzic, 2006)
The Plus-Minus Method of Interpreting Refraction Sections (J.G. Hagedoorn 1959, EAGE Geophysical Prospecting, volume 7, pp. 158-182)
Comparison of pseudo 2D
Delta-t-V initial model with 1D gradient initial model
Imaging of dynamic
Poisson's ratio with fail-safe "Smooth inversion" as implemented for version 2.51
Investigation of a landfill with Refraction, Resistivity and Electromagnetic
methods (William E. Doll et al. 2001, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Tennessee; Adobe
Acrobat; compares Rayfract with Rimrock Geophysics SIPT-2 software)
More tutorials, application samples and theoretical publications
Copyright © 1996-2012
Intelligent Resources Inc. All rights reserved. RAYFRACT® is a registered trademark
of Intelligent Resources Inc. in Canada and Switzerland